Program KM idealnya berjalan selaras dengan strategi bisnis perusahaan dimana kebutuhan pengetahuan selalu ter-update di dalamnya. Agar dapat berjalan efektif, manajemen perlu untuk dapat memonitor sejauh mana implementasi KM sudah dilaksanakan. Tools yang digunakan yaitu KM Maturity Model. Tetapi sebelum menggunakan model ini, perusahaan diharuskan untuk melakukan KM Assesment terlebih dahulu agar data atau informasi yang diolah sudah benar-benar merefleksikan kondisi sebenarnya. KM Maturity Model ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar manajemen dalam pembuatan Road Map KM.
Program KM idealnya berjalan selaras dengan strategi bisnis perusahaan dimana kebutuhan pengetahuan selalu ter-update di dalamnya. Agar dapat berjalan efektif, manajemen perlu untuk dapat memonitor sejauh mana implementasi KM sudah dilaksanakan. Tools yang digunakan yaitu KM Maturity Model. Tetapi sebelum menggunakan model ini, perusahaan diharuskan untuk melakukan KM Assesment terlebih dahulu agar data atau informasi yang diolah sudah benar-benar merefleksikan kondisi sebenarnya. KM Maturity Model ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar manajemen dalam pembuatan Road Map KM.
Ada beberapa model yang sering digunakan dalam mengukur maturity, salah satunya adalah dari Karsten Ehms dan Manfred Langen (2002) dengan artikelnya ‘Holistic Development of Knowledge Management with KMMM®’. Model ini dibangun dan diterapkan oleh Siemens AG’s Competence Center for Knowledge Management. Model ini membantu dalam menganalisa semua key area yang relevan dalam KM seperti lingkungan perusahaan, budaya, strategi dan sebagainya untuk dapat mendefinisikan posisi saat ini dan ke arah mana perusahaan akan menuju.
Ehms dan Langen memberikan definisi KM Maturity Model dalam 5 tingkat:
Level “initial”
Pada level ini, knowledge management masih dipandang sebagai proses sekali jadi dan belum adanya aktivitas formal KM di perusahaan. Proses implementasi belum terkontrol. Suksesnya aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan KM terjadi karena ‘keberuntungan’ semata, bukannya hasil dari goal setting dan planning.
Level “repeated”
Pada level ini, Organisasi atau perusahaan telah mengetahui arti pentingnya kegiatan KM di dalam bisnis. Aktivitas KM sudah diimplementasi dan diuji, walau pada umumnya masih dianggap sebagai sekedar ‘tugas’ dan hanya karena ‘kebaikan hati’ para karyawan yang memiliki passion pada KM.
Level “defined”
Pada level ini, peran karyawan dalam KM sudah dibuat, diatur dan diisi. Aktivitasnya pun sudah stabil dengan adanya dukungan dari setiap bagian di perusahaan, terintegrasi dengan praktek keseharian di dalam organisasi atau perusahaan, dan sistem teknis dipelihara dengan baik.
Level “managed”
Pada level ini pada dasarnya adalah sama dengan level “defined”, hanya saja di tahap ini semuanya lebih terstandarisasi. Aktivitas KM dimasukkan ke dalam sistem yang sesuai dengan lingkungan perusahaan. Efektifitas KM diukur secara berkala (adanya pengukuran pengukuran atau indikator).
Level “optimizing”
Pada level ini, KM sudah disempurnakan dan dikuasai, diaplikasikan secara fleksibel terhadap perubahan di internal dan eksternal. Alat ukur sudah dikombinasikan dengan instrumen pengendalian strategis. Sudah tidak ada lagi masalah yang tidak bisa dipecahkan dengan KM tools yang ada.
KM Maturity Model dari InfoSys Technologies
Model berikut yang cukup menarik adalah dari InfoSys Technologies. Perusahaan ini memiliki visi KM nya adalah untuk menjadi perusahaan yang setiap aktivitasnya secara penuh didorong oleh “the power of knowledge”. InfoSys juga memiliki 5 level maturity dimana setiap levelnya ditentukan oleh efisiensi dari ‘knowledege life cycle’, yang terdiri dari Knowledege Acquistion (akuisisi), Knoweledge Dissemination (penyebaran), dan Knowledge Reuse (penggunaan kembali).
Level “Default”
Di level ini, satu-satunya cara untuk menciptakan knowledge perusahaan adalah dengan melaksanakan pelatihan-pelatihan atau training formal, secara in-house atau public training yang dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan. Belum adanya manajemen akan knowledge.
Level “Reactive”
DI level ini, knowledge akan di-share hanya ketika ada kebutuhan
Level “Aware”
Di level ini, sistem KM dasar dibangun dan memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis. Kegiatan sharing knowledge secara aktif didorong untuk menjadi aktifitas rutin dan benefit dari KM sudah mulai di rasakan.
Level “Convinced”
Di level ini perusahaan sudah membuat “Enterprise-wide KM system” yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Kualitas dan penggunaan konten dalam KM divalidasi / diuji secara berkala dan knowledge dapat digunakan kembali pada level project.
Level “Sharing”
Level dimana sharing knowldge sudah menjadi budaya perusahaan. Batasan-batasan atau sekat-sekat sudah dieliminasi dan proses pengembangan knowledge secara terus menerus ditingkatkan
Demikian artikel saya mengenai KM maturity model. So, di level berapakah KM maturity di perusahaan Anda? Semoga bermanfaat
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