Andre Andhara

Andre Andhara

Fatal : Ketidaktahuan Akan Hukum atau Peraturan (Sosialisasi dengan online quiz)

Apakah Anda pernah membaca di media masa atau internet mengenai orang yang terkena jerat hukum padahal orang tersebut benar-benar tidak bermaksud jahat? Contohnya kasus-kasus pelanggaran Undang Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE) seperti seseorang tukang tusuk sate berusia 24 tahun yang ditahan di Markas Besar Kepolisian Republik Indonesia karena dituduh menghina Presiden Joko Widodo di media sosial Facebook, seorang netizen di Yogyakarta, menghadapi tuntutan penjara 6 tahun dan denda 1 milyar setelah dipolisikan oleh LSM Jangan Khianati Suara Rakyat/Jatisura atas tuduhan pencemaran nama dengan pasal 27 ayat 3 dan pasal 28 ayat 2 UU ITE, juncto pasal 310 dan 311 KUHP. Atau Kasus seorang Ibu yang menyebarkan surat elektronik berisi tentang keluhan pelayanan dari rumah sakit Omni Internasional dan diganjar Pasal 27 ayat 3 UU ITE tentang distribusi informasi atau dokumen elektronik yang memuat kebencian atau pencemaran nama baik? 

Apakah Anda pernah membaca di media masa atau internet mengenai orang yang terkena jerat hukum padahal orang tersebut benar-benar tidak bermaksud jahat? Contohnya kasus-kasus pelanggaran Undang Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE) seperti seseorang tukang tusuk sate berusia 24 tahun yang ditahan di Markas Besar Kepolisian Republik Indonesia karena dituduh menghina Presiden Joko Widodo di media sosial Facebook, seorang netizen di Yogyakarta, menghadapi tuntutan penjara 6 tahun dan denda 1 milyar setelah dipolisikan oleh LSM Jangan Khianati Suara Rakyat/Jatisura atas tuduhan pencemaran nama dengan pasal 27 ayat 3 dan pasal 28 ayat 2 UU ITE, juncto pasal 310 dan 311 KUHP. Atau Kasus seorang Ibu yang menyebarkan surat elektronik berisi tentang keluhan pelayanan dari rumah sakit Omni Internasional dan diganjar Pasal 27 ayat 3 UU ITE tentang distribusi informasi atau dokumen elektronik yang memuat kebencian atau pencemaran nama baik?

Dalam kasus sehari-haripun kita juga bisa melihat dimana kita dapat terjerat masalah hukum ketika kita membuang sampah sembarangan, lupa memakai helm pada saat mengendarai sepeda motor, memberi sedekah sembarangan di lampu merah dan lain-lain. Fakta yang terjadi adalah, kita tetap terjerat masalah hukum walaupun kita tidak berniat samasekali untuk berbuat jahat. Dalam dunia hukum, ada sebuah prinsip dasar yang menyebutkan kurang lebih artinya adalah ‘semua orang dianggap telah mengetahui hukum’ atau bisa bermakna ‘tidak ada orang yang dianggap tidak mengetahui hukum’. Konsekuensi dari prinsip ini adalah ketidaktahuan tentang Hukum tidak dapat dijadikan alasan atau pembenaran atas sebuah tindakan yang melanggar dan bahkan melawan Hukum.

Lalu bagaimana aplikasinya di dalam dunia kerja ataupun bisnis? Sebagai karyawan atau pengusaha, kita dituntut untuk dapat mengerti (bukan saja sekedar tahu) mengenai hukum atau peraturan-peraturan perusahaan. Peraturan perusahaan adalah peraturan yang dibuat secara tertulis oleh perusahaan yang memuat syarat-syarat kerja dan tata tertib perusahaan (UU no.13 tahun 2013 tentang ketenagakerjaan).

Apa saja yang diatur dalam peraturan perusahaan? Peraturan perusahaan sekurang-kurangnya harus mengatur hak dan kewajiban perusahaan dan karyawan. Selain itu adalah syarat kerja, tata tertib perusahaan dan masa berlakunya peraturan. Peraturan ini dianggap sah dan mengikat perusahaan dan karyawan apabila telah mendapatkan pengesahan dari Menteri Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi. 

Untuk mengatasi masalah ‘ketidaktahuan’ tentang peraturan atau hukum, di perusahaan harus melakukan sosialisasi. Teknik berkomunikasi yang efektif sangat dibutuhkan di dalam proses ini, karena kematangan karyawan berperan cukup penting. Bagaimana caranya karyawan mengerti bahwa peraturan itu dibuat untuk kepentingan bersama, bukan menjadi kendala atau halangan. Dengan berfokus kepada ‘goal’ yang ingin dicapai dan nilai-nilai positif di perusahaan, karyawan akan lebih memahami akan adanya peraturan tersebut.

Sosialisasi dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu secara konvensional dengan mengumpulkan karyawan di dalam sebuah auditorium atau kelas, atau juga dengan cara online. Cara kedua ini dapat dikemas dengan cara yang formal ataupun non formal. Cara formal yaitu dengan menggunakan teknologi sms blast, email broadcast ataupun pesan sederhana via media chat (whatsapp, telegram, LINE, dll) dan bersifat reminder (pengingat). Topik yang terkandung di dalam message, dapat mengacu kepada ‘hot issue’ atau  topik yang ingin dikemukakan oleh manajemen.
Cara lain nya adalah dengan quiz online berhadiah. Dengan menggunakan aplikasi e-learning, manajemen bisa mengadakan ‘sosialisasi terselubung’ karena sifatnya yang lebih ‘casual’. Satu minggu sebelum quiz, peserta diberikan materi mengenai peraturan-peraturan perusahaan agar dapat dibaca dan dipelajari oleh calon peserta quiz. Reward yang diberikan kepada para pemenang quiz sebaiknya berwujud barang yang pasti terpakai dalam pekerjaan (misal flash disk atau perangkat lain) atau voucher belanja.

Peserta dapat dibagi menurut topik sosialisasi yang ingin disampaikan, jika topik yang ingin disampaikan adalah mengenai peraturan SDM maka peserta nya pun adalah para karyawan yang sehari-hari nya menangani bagian SDM. Begitu pula ketika ada sosialisasi mengenai product knowledge dari produk terbaru, yang wajib ikut adalah karyawan  dari bagian bisnis. Karyawan yang bukan target dari sosialisasi, dapat turut serta dengan catatan bahwa score nya tidak akan dimasukkan ke dalam record. Tetapi jika score quiz nya baik, maka akan menjadi nilai tambah bagi karyawan tersebut. Agar ‘sosialisasi’ ini lebih efektif? Para karyawan yang memiliki score quiz yang kurang baik akan ‘dicatat’ dan diinformasikan kepada para atasan mereka. 

Ada potensi dimana seorang karyawan, baru mengetahui tentang peraturan setelah melanggarnya . Semakin kita mengerti tentang peraturan, semakin banyak kita menyadari betapa banyaknya pelanggaran – pelanggaran yang mungkin telah kita lakukan tanpa sengaja. Dan itu bisa berakibat fatal dalam berkarir.

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Andre Andhara

Andre Andhara

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